Ultra-Wideband (UWB), explained
Ultra-wideband is the most precise mainstream technology for real-time indoor location. Here is how it works, how it compares to other options, and where it fits.
What is ultra-wideband (UWB)?
UWB is a short-range radio technology that transmits across a very wide slice of spectrum in extremely short pulses. Instead of estimating distance from signal strength, which walls and interference easily distort, UWB measures the actual time a pulse takes to travel between devices. That time-of-flight approach is what makes it so accurate.
How UWB achieves centimeter-level accuracy
Because UWB times signals down to fractions of a nanosecond, it can locate a tag to within roughly 10 to 30 centimeters, even indoors where GPS does not work. Anchors mounted around a facility triangulate each tag in real time, giving you live position rather than a last-seen zone.
UWB vs RFID, BLE, and GPS
Each technology has a job. RFID is ideal for cheap, high-volume identification at a choke point such as a dock door. Bluetooth (BLE) is inexpensive and good for room-level proximity. GPS is built for the outdoors and cannot see inside a building. UWB sits at the high-precision end: real-time, centimeter-level indoor location for high-value or safety-critical assets. Many deployments combine them, and our guide to IoT covers how these layers fit together.
Common UWB use cases
UWB shines wherever exact indoor position matters: locating tools and equipment on a plant floor, tracking work in process through each station, enforcing safety zones around machinery, and finding high-value assets in seconds. It is the technology behind high-precision indoor asset tracking and zone-based tracking.
How accurate is UWB?
In a well-designed deployment, UWB typically locates assets to within 10 to 30 centimeters, far tighter than RFID or Bluetooth.
Does UWB work outdoors?
UWB can work outdoors across a bounded area covered by anchors, but for wide outdoor or remote coverage, LoRaWAN and GPS are usually the better fit. UWB is purpose-built for precise, contained indoor environments.
Want to know if UWB is right for your facility? Talk to a VastVision expert.